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U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement can delegate immigration enforcement duties to state and local police under a law enacted in 1996 and known as 287(g), after a section of the Immigration and Nationality Act.
During the first months of President Donald Trump’s second term, through April 15 2025, the number of participants in the program more than doubled, a Markup analysis found. The Markup found use of the program was especially prevalent in Florida, where all residents live in a county where local police will be trained under the program. This database and visuals below are automatically updated with data from ICE.
The extent of each ICE partnership is listed above as “support type,” which refers to the fact that state and local agencies can choose to participate in 287(g) under one or more of three models:
- The Task Force Model deputizes local officers, while patrolling the communities they are sworn to protect, to question, detain, and arrest individuals they suspect of violating civil immigration laws. Advocates have been particularly critical of this model.
- The Jail Enforcement Model deputizes officers to interrogate incarcerated suspected noncitizens with pending or actual criminal charges in order to determine their immigration status. Then deputized officers can issue a an administrative hold request from ICE to keep the person up to 48 hours after they would otherwise be released, allowing ICE officers to pick the individual up.
- Under the Warrant Service Officer Model, ICE deputizes officers to execute ICE administrative warrants within the agency’s jails or correctional facilities but not interrogate alleged noncitizens about their immigration status.
For information on the models, see explanation above.
